Altea, a picturesque town on Spain’s Costa Blanca, is a hidden gem that offers a unique blend of natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant culture. Known for its white-washed houses, cobbled streets, and stunning sea views, Altea is often referred to as the “Pearl of the Mediterranean.” This charming town has long been a favorite among artists, writers, and travelers seeking inspiration and tranquility. In this blog post, we’ll explore the fascinating aspects of Altea, including its toponymy, history, geography, economy, and main sights, giving you a comprehensive guide to this enchanting destination.
Toponymy: The Origin of the Name
The name “Altea” is believed to have ancient roots, with several theories regarding its origin. One of the most popular explanations is that the name derives from the Greek word “Altahia,” meaning “I cure” or “I heal.” This reflects the area’s reputation for its healing climate and natural beauty. Another theory suggests that the name comes from the Arabic word “al-thay,” which could be a reference to the river that flows through the town, known as the Algar River.
The evolution of the town’s name mirrors its rich history, shaped by various cultures and civilizations that have settled in the area over the centuries.
History: A Tapestry of Cultures
Altea’s history is a tapestry woven from the threads of different cultures that have called it home over millennia. The town’s strategic location along the Mediterranean coast made it an attractive settlement for various peoples, including the Iberians, Romans, and Moors.
Iberian and Roman Beginnings
The earliest known inhabitants of the Altea region were the Iberians, who settled in the area long before the arrival of the Romans. Archaeological findings, such as pottery and tools, suggest that the Iberians established small settlements in the surrounding hills.
When the Romans arrived in Spain, they recognized the strategic importance of the Altea area, particularly its proximity to the sea and its fertile lands. The Romans developed agricultural practices and built infrastructure, including roads and aqueducts, to support their settlements. Remnants of Roman influence can still be seen in the region today, particularly in the form of ruins and artifacts found near the coast.
Moorish Influence
The most significant period in Altea’s history came with the arrival of the Moors in the 8th century. The Moors brought new agricultural techniques, such as the cultivation of citrus fruits and olives, which remain important to the local economy. They also introduced architectural styles and cultural practices that have left a lasting impact on the town.
One of the most enduring legacies of the Moorish period is the layout of Altea’s Old Town, known as Casco Antiguo. The narrow, winding streets and whitewashed houses that define the area today are reminiscent of the traditional Moorish design. The Moors also built fortifications to protect the town from invasions, some of which can still be seen in the remnants of ancient walls.
The Christian Reconquista and Modern Era
Altea was reconquered by Christian forces in the 13th century during the Reconquista. The town was incorporated into the Kingdom of Valencia, and its strategic importance continued to grow. Over the centuries, Altea developed into a thriving fishing and agricultural community, with a strong connection to the sea.
In the 20th century, Altea began to attract artists and bohemians, drawn by its serene beauty and inspiring landscapes. This artistic heritage continues to shape the town’s identity today, making it a cultural hub on the Costa Blanca.
Geography: A Coastal Paradise
Altea is located on Spain’s eastern coast, in the province of Alicante, within the autonomous community of Valencia. The town is part of the famous Costa Blanca, a region known for its stunning beaches, dramatic cliffs, and turquoise waters.
Climate and Natural Beauty
Altea enjoys a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot summers and mild winters. The town benefits from more than 300 days of sunshine each year, making it an ideal destination for outdoor activities and beachgoers.
The town is set against the backdrop of the Sierra de Bernia mountain range, which provides a striking contrast to the blue waters of the Mediterranean. This mountainous terrain offers excellent opportunities for hiking and nature walks, with trails that lead to panoramic viewpoints and hidden coves.
The River Algar
One of the most notable geographical features of Altea is the Algar River, which flows into the Mediterranean Sea near the town. The river has played a crucial role in the development of the area, providing water for agriculture and shaping the landscape. The name “Algar” is derived from the Arabic word “Al-Qar,” meaning “the cave,” a reference to the river’s source in the mountains.
Economy: A Blend of Tradition and Modernity
Altea’s economy has traditionally been based on agriculture and fishing, but in recent decades, tourism and arts have become increasingly important sectors.
Agriculture and Fishing
Agriculture remains a vital part of Altea’s economy, with the cultivation of citrus fruits, olives, and almonds being particularly significant. The fertile land around the town, nourished by the Algar River, produces high-quality crops that are exported across Spain and beyond.
Fishing has also been a cornerstone of the local economy for centuries. Altea’s fishing fleet supplies fresh seafood to the town’s markets and restaurants, contributing to the region’s renowned culinary traditions.
Tourism and Arts
In the 20th century, Altea transformed into a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors with its natural beauty, cultural heritage, and relaxed atmosphere. The town has managed to maintain its traditional charm while catering to the needs of modern travelers, making it a favorite spot for those seeking an authentic Spanish experience.
Altea is also known for its vibrant arts scene. The town is home to numerous art galleries, studios, and workshops, reflecting its status as an artists’ haven. The Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Miguel Hernández, located in Altea, further cements the town’s reputation as a cultural hub.
Main Sights: Exploring Altea’s Attractions
Altea is a town that invites exploration, with its winding streets, historic landmarks, and stunning viewpoints offering endless opportunities for discovery. Here are some of the must-see sights in Altea:
Casco Antiguo (Old Town)
The Casco Antiguo is the heart of Altea, characterized by its narrow, cobblestone streets, whitewashed houses, and flower-filled balconies. The Old Town is perched on a hill, offering breathtaking views of the Mediterranean Sea and the surrounding landscape. The focal point of the Old Town is the Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Consuelo, a church with a striking blue dome that has become a symbol of Altea. The church’s square, Plaza de la Iglesia, is a popular gathering spot for locals and visitors alike.
Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Consuelo
The Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Consuelo, also known as the “Blue Domed Church,” is one of Altea’s most iconic landmarks. The church’s distinctive blue and white tiled dome is visible from miles away and has become a symbol of the town. The interior of the church is equally impressive, with beautiful stained glass windows and intricate religious art. The square outside the church offers panoramic views of the Mediterranean and the surrounding countryside.
The Promenade and Beaches
Altea’s coastline is dotted with beautiful beaches and a picturesque promenade that stretches along the Mediterranean. The Paseo Marítimo, or seaside promenade, is lined with palm trees, cafes, and restaurants, making it the perfect place for a leisurely stroll. Some of the most popular beaches in Altea include Playa de la Roda and Playa de Cap Negret, both known for their clear waters and pebbly shores.
Palau Altea
For those interested in the arts, Palau Altea is the town’s cultural center, hosting a variety of performances, including theater, music, and dance. The modern building is a hub of cultural activity and reflects Altea’s commitment to nurturing the arts.
Altea Market
The weekly market in Altea is a vibrant event where locals and visitors can buy fresh produce, clothing, crafts, and other goods. The market is held every Tuesday and is a great place to experience the local culture and pick up some unique souvenirs.
Conclusion
Altea is a town that captures the essence of Spain’s Costa Blanca, offering a perfect blend of natural beauty, rich history, and cultural vibrancy. Whether you’re exploring the cobblestone streets of the Old Town, relaxing on a beach, or immersing yourself in the local arts scene, Altea promises an unforgettable experience. With its stunning landscapes, welcoming atmosphere, and deep-rooted traditions, Altea is truly the jewel of the Mediterranean.
